What is political science? A guide for students
Who makes the decisions about the laws we follow? Why do countries go to war? How are elections won—or lost?
These topics are at the heart of politics—the way individuals and groups come together to make decisions. Political science examines how governments operate. It explores how people engage in politics. It also seeks to understand how groups and countries share power.
For students curious about society, government and how the global community interacts, political science is an exciting field. It not only helps us better understand the world we live in, but how to change it.
A degree in political science from Central Michigan isn't just about getting a piece of paper. It gives you the skills and knowledge to excel in political science jobs and change the world. Don’t be haunted by application fees! Undergraduate students can apply for free all month long.
What do political scientists do?
Political science isn’t just about theory or abstract ideas. It’s a practical field that addresses complex issues through research, analysis and policy.
Research
Political scientists conduct in-depth research to discover insights about political systems, trends and behaviors. They study elections, international relations, political movements and public opinion. Their goal is to understand why events happen and how governments respond. Common research methods include:
- Surveys and polls: Gathering public opinion on political issues.
- Interviews: Speaking with lawmakers, citizens and other interested parties.
- Data: Using demographics, voting patterns and other information sources to predict future outcomes.
- Historical research: Examining past political events to draw parallels and insights for today.
Analysis
Analysis plays a big role in political science. By studying policies, processes and events, political scientists cut through complexity to identify problems and solutions. Whether it's assessing a country's trade policy or the impact of new climate change laws, they connect the dots others may miss.
The expertise of political scientists even extends to predicting outcomes. For example, political analysts might use historical voting data to forecast upcoming election results.
Policy
Far from being mere observers, those working in political science often influence real-world decisions. Governments, NGOs (non-governmental organizations) and advocacy groups depend on them to create effective policies. Their research informs decisions about issues such as education, criminal justice, public health and the environment.
For example, political scientists provided key insights about the possible impacts of COVID-19 policies, helping governments weigh health, education, economic and other considerations.
Political science careers
A bachelor's degree in political science degree opens doors to careers across many different industries. Many career political scientists go on to earn a Master of Public Administration degree (MPA), the gold standard degree for public service professionals.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2024 the median annual wage for political scientists by industry were:
- Federal government: $151,630
- Business, scientific and technical services: $130,580
- Nonprofits and civil organizations: $91,150
- Education: $81,620
Government
Political scientists can build impactful careers in government and make important contributions. Jobs often include roles like:
- Policy advisors for elected officials or government agencies like the Department of State and Homeland Security.
- Intelligence analysts for organizations such as the FBI or CIA analyze threats and provide critical assessments.
- Positions in international organizations like the United Nations address issues like human rights, peace and security, and economic cooperation.
Non-profit organizations
If you're passionate about an issue or promoting change, working for a non-profit may be your calling. In the non-profit sector, political science careers focus on issues like social justice, economic development and human rights. Think of organizations like Save the Children, where political scientists help shape advocacy campaigns and outreach efforts.
Higher education
For those interested in teaching and research, higher education offers fulfilling opportunities. Here, political scientists conduct studies, publish their findings and teach future generations about governance, political theory and history.
Business
Political science graduates also find opportunities in the private sector. Companies rely on their expertise in analyzing political risk and global trends, particularly in industries like:
- Consulting for corporations navigating changing legal and political landscapes.
- Market research to understand consumer behavior and regulatory trends.
- Risk management can help companies understand possible threats when entering new markets.
Journalism and media
Political science aligns well with careers in journalism and media. Political reporters, researchers, analysts and commentators help the public understand policies, elections and international events. Media companies value professionals with political science backgrounds who can provide nuanced political insights to audiences.
The future of political science
As our world evolves, political science must adapt to address emerging challenges.
Global concerns
Modern political science increasingly focuses on global challenges. These issues require innovative solutions and political scientists are at the forefront of designing and implementing them.
For example, online privacy and safety have become important global issues. Political scientists are creating international laws to tackle these challenges. By bridging the gap between technology and policy, they help create regulations that protect users and increase trust.
Role of data and technology
Data science and AI are important tools for today's political scientists. They help analyze large datasets and predict events with greater accuracy. Harnessing these advancements ensures that political science remains a critical and evolving discipline.
Political science education
To pursue careers in political science, a strong educational foundation is essential. Central Michigan University offers both a bachelor's degree in political science and our NASPAA accredited Master of Public Administration. If you start in our political science program and keep at 3.5 GPA, you may qualify for our accelerated MPA. If accepted you'll earn 12 credits of your MPA as part of your undergraduate degree saving you both time and money.
Beyond academics, you'll benefit from internships, study abroad programs, model United Nations events and advocacy opportunities that give you real-world experience so you're career-ready before graduation.
Studying political science also provides an excellent foundation for success in law school. It helps develop critical thinking and research skills while offering a deep understanding of legal frameworks and public policy. Political science also hones communication and debate skills.